Processor Intel Knights Landing Xeon Phi consists of 8 billion transistors

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POSTER: computer news   ||   PROCESSOR INTEL KNIGHTS LANDING XEON PHI CONSISTS OF 8 BILLION TRANSISTORS	DATE:2015-03-27
Last summer, Intel introduced the next generation of accelerators calculations Xeon Phi - 14-nm solutions codenamed Knights Landing.  Commercial systems based on Knights Landing expected in the second half  this year, so that the company prefers not to share detailed information on the decisions of the new generation.   It is worth recalling that the Knights Landing will be issued in the form of solutions for expansion cards with interface PCI Express, and as a separate installation of the processor.  In total, Knights Landing will include more than 60 elementary X86-compatible cores.  Rumored to be that the top  models will get 72 core, whereas the previous generation  - 22-nm Knights Corner - consisted of 61 core.  But change is not only in technical process.  Elementary core Knights Landing will move to Intel Silvermont architecture with the ability to order execution.  The same architecture as the Intel Atom Avoton already spelled out in the low-end processors Intel Xeon.  Thus processors Knights Landing cease to be only coprocessors and accelerators - is completely full server processors that can operate both under distributions Linux, and under versions of Windows.  And each processor consists of about 8 billion Transistors, except stack memory modules that are installed on the same platform. In the photo you can see how big would a new solution.  Platform with CPU and memory under eight seats near environment about the size of a plastic card.  For Knights Landing, by the way, the company will be releasing a modified Micron memory type Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC).   Intel calls this memory High Bandwidth Memory (HBM), but it will not be the HBM-memory that will be used by NVIDIA and AMD for its graphics cards (accelerators).  Strictly speaking, the type of memory to Knights Landing - is MCDRAM, the specification of which will be largely based on the characteristics of proprietary memory Micron HMC.  For processors Knights Landing aggregate bandwidth when accessing memory MCDRAM will be not less than 400 GB / s.  This parameter can be changed, but it is clearly below HMC opportunities .  Now to each chip HMC capacity of 2 GB can be accessed at a speed of 160 GB / s.   Knights Landing processors will be available in versions with 8 GB and 16 GB memory MCDRAM.  In this case, the board will be installed as distant memory.  On the reference board for Knights Landing codenamed Adams Pass you can see six slots for memory DDR4 (processor and something that's "bast"!).  Overall, the processor can access 384 GB of memory on the six independent channels.  I should add that in the near future competitors in the face of NVIDIA, AMD and IBM will not be easy to get around Knights Landing in supercomputing environment with double precision.  Intel's decision in the DP strikes the ceiling of 3 teraflops, which is twice as much as can show NVIDIA Tesla K80 (1,87 teraflops in normal mode).  New Tesla will not be the same, at least, before the GPU Pascal or even Volta.   Related Products :

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