Sixty-five years ago, on 16 December 1947, researchers at Bell Labs, William Shockley (William Shockley), John Bardeen (John Bardeen) and Walter Brattain (Walter Brattain) first demonstrated the operation of a bipolar transistor. Official presentation took place a week later, on 23 December.
The transistor was the evolution of an electron tube, but it had no moving parts, filaments and vacuum. In addition, the transistor does not require time to warm up, and it could be operated much more often. The popularity of transistor came after it became the base for the radio series, issued by Texas Instruments in 1958. In 1958, a group of researchers, which included Intel founder Robert Noyce (Robert Noyce) managed to place two transistors on the same substrate, creating the first integrated circuit. Six years later, Gordon Moore (Gordon Moore) - another scientist, who has spearheaded Intel, expressed the notorious theory of doubling the number of transistors on a substrate every two years.
Today's microprocessors include billions of transistors. They are safe to be called the building blocks of all semiconductor technology. At present, the industry is on the rise - every day there are new materials and technologies directed at increasing speed and miniaturization of semiconductors. The transistor is considered one of the most rapidly evolving devices, and it is assumed that this rate it will continue to develop for another 10-15 years.
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